Which action is essential when handling sensitive electronic components?

Using an ESD strap is essential when handling sensitive electronic components because it helps prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD), which can damage these components. Sensitive electronics, such as integrated circuits and microprocessors, are particularly vulnerable to small static charges that can occur from a variety of sources, including clothing, movement, and the environment.

Wearing an ESD strap grounds the technician, allowing any buildup of static electricity to dissipate safely without affecting the components being handled. This practice is critical to maintaining the integrity and functionality of electronic parts, ensuring they perform as expected once installed.

While the other options may provide some level of protection, they do not directly address the critical issue of electrostatic discharge. Cotton gloves can be useful in keeping components clean, but they do not provide any protection from static electricity. Storing components in a cardboard box does not protect against static discharge either. Maintaining high humidity can help reduce static; however, it is not a reliable or standard practice for mitigating ESD risks compared to using an ESD strap.